UGC-NET/JRF Syllabus

Unit – I

Forensic Science: Definition, History & Development, Scope, Ethics in Forensic Science
Physical Evidence: Nature, Types, Search methods, Collection, Preservation, Packing & Forwarding of Physical & Trace evidence for forensic analyses, Chain of Custody
Crime Scene: Nature, Types, Preservation of Scene of Crime
Criminal Investigations: Unnatural deaths, Criminal assaults, Sexual offences, Poisoning, Vehicular accidents
Courts: Types, powers and jurisdiction, Admissibility of evidence in Courts, Definition of Experts, Provisions in Cr.P.C.,1973 & Indian Evidence Act relating to experts & their reports; Court Procedures pertaining to Expert Testimony & Witness
Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories of Centre and State, NCRB and NICFS
Fundamental Rights: Right of Equality (Articles 14 to 18) and Right of Freedom (Articles 19 to 22) as per Constitution of India
Criminal Profiling: Profile of victim and culprit, its role in crime investigation, Lie detection (Polygraphy), Narco analysis, Brain mapping, scope and limitations
Concept of quality control management in Forensic institutions

Unit – II

Microscopy: Polarizing, Comparison, Stereoscopic, Fluorescent and Electron Microscopes
Spectrophotometry:UV, Visible, IR, Raman, Atomic absorption, Emission
Neutron Activation Analysis
X – rays and x-ray based techniques such as XRD, XRF
Mass Spectroscopy
Chromatographic Techniques: TLC, GLC, HPLC,HPTLC
Hyphenated Techniques: GC-MS, LC-MS, IR-MS and ICP-MS
Electrophoresis: High and Low voltage electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis Immunoassays: Principle, Types ,Techniques and applications

Unit – III

Detection and Identification of Blood stains
Determination of Species of Origin
Blood Group Systems
Techniques of Determination of Blood groups of Blood Stains
Detection of Seminal and other body fluids and their Blood Grouping, Red cells Enzymes, Serum Proteins of forensic significance
Disputed Paternity & Maternity
DNA: Structure, DNA as genetic marker, DNA Extraction and Profiling Techniques
DNA Phenotyping and RNA Profiling & their applications
Wild life Forensics: Wild life (Protection) Act,1972, Scope, Evidences and Identification

Unit – IV

Analysis of Ethyl alcohol in beverages , liquors, biological fluids and breath
Analysis of Methanol and Denaturants
Illicit liquors
Analysis of Chemicals in Trap Cases
Metabolism and Chemical examination of : Insecticides & Pesticides, Tranquillizers & Sedatives, Hypnotics Stimulants, Narcotics, Opiates, Drugs of abuse; Analyses of above and their Toxicity Plant poisons Metallic Poisons
Extraction, Isolation & Clean-up procedures, Identification of common poisons from viscera, tissues and body fluids

Unit – V

Fire arms: Types, Classification, Ammunition and their Compositions
Forensic examination of Firearms, Ammunition, Firearms projectiles (Bullets, Shots, Slug etc.), Shell case
Gunshot residues analysis
Concept of Velocity, Penetration, Dispersion, Ricochet, Accidental Discharge, Determination of Range in firearm cases
Examination of Country made firearms
Basics of Internal, External and Terminal Ballistics
Tool marks: Meaning, Types and Examination
Restoration of Erased Markings on Metal Surfaces

Unit – VI

Fire and Arson: Analyses of Petroleum Products and other incendiary materials
Explosives: Definition, Types and Analyses
Bombs: Country made bombs, Improvised Explosive Devices ( IEDs ) and their examination
Investigation in Explosion and Arson related cases
Photography: Types, application in criminal investigation & Forensic evidence examination

Unit – VII

Paint, Lacquer & Varnishes: Nature, composition and forensic examination
Glass: Composition, Types, Fractures, Examination
Cement, Mortar and Concrete: General Composition, Forensic Analysis
Computer Forensics: Introduction, Types of Computer crimes, Digital evidence- Seizure, Acquisition and Forensic examination
Mobile Phone Forensics

Unit – VIII

Fingerprints: History, Characteristics, Types, Classification, Preservation, Development, Lifting and Comparison, Examination of Chance Prints, Computerization of Fingerprints, AFIS
Track Marks: Foot Prints, Shoe Prints, Tire Marks, Their Preservation & Casting, Comparison, Skid marks. Gait pattern

Biometric Systems of Identification and its relevance
Voice Analysis: Introduction, Significance, Structure of Human Voice apparatus, Voice spectrography, Voice analysis, Legal aspects and limitations

Unit – IX

Documents: Definition, Types, Preliminary examination of documents
Reproduction of documents through photographic and mechanical means and their examination
Examination of Alterations such as Erasures, Obliterations & Additions
Indentations, Secret writings and Charred documents
Inks, Papers and their scientific examinations with modern methods
Age of documents
Examination of Typescripts, Printed matter including currency notes and lottery tickets. Mechanical impressions

Hand writings: Class and Individual characteristics of Handwritings, Factors affecting handwritings, Standard samples for comparison, Comparison of hand-written texts
Anonymous and disguised writings
Identification of hand writings, signatures, detection of forged signature and forgeries
Examination of Credit Cards and Similar materials

Unit –X

Modes & Manner of deaths, Sexual offences and its medicolegal importance, Amendments in law related to sexual offences
Post – mortem examination and Post – mortem changes, Estimation of time since death
Injuries & Wounds: Types, Medicolegal importance, Gunshot wounds
Determination of Species of Origin, Sex , Age, Stature, and individual identification through skeletal remains
Identification through Skull superimposition and facial reconstruction

Human dentition, Type of teeth, determination of Age, Bite marks
Forensic Entomology: Introduction, Insects of forensic importance, Insects on Carrion, Forensic applications

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